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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Deserts
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The geology of California is expressed as
mountains, deserts, valleys, and shorelines. These are natural
physical features of Earth’s surface. The deserts consist of flat, sandy valleys and dry lakebeds
called playas.
The Mojave Desert, located in California,
is an example of a desert landscape. It is sometimes referred
to as the high desert because of its high elevation and little
vegetation. In contrast is the Colorado Desert, which lies as
much as 75 m below sea level and is referred to as the low
desert. The Colorado Desert has become an agricultural area
thanks to irrigation from the nearby Colorado River.
Alluvial fans are common
depositional features in the deserts. Wind-blown sand dunes
are common in the desert as well. Some regions have such
consistent, strong winds that hundreds of windmills are used
to generate electricity for nearby towns.. |
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California's Colorado Desert is a part of
the larger Sonoran Desert, which extends across southwest North
America. The Colorado Desert region encompasses approximately 7
million acres, reaching from the Mexican border in the south to
the higher-elevation Mojave Desert in the north and from the
Colorado River in the east to the Laguna Mountains of the
Peninsular Ranges in the west. The area includes the heavily
irrigated Coachella and Imperial Valleys.
The Colorado Desert is home to many unique flora and fauna, many
of which can be found no where else on the planet. The majority
of the Colorado Desert lies at a relatively low elevation, below
1,000 feet, with the lowest point of the desert floor at 275
feet below sea level at the Salton Sea. Although the highest
peaks of the Peninsular Range reach elevations of nearly 10,000
feet, most of the region's mountains do not exceed 3,000 feet.
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The Colorado Desert's terrestrial
habitats include mixed scrub, including yucca and cholla cactus;
desert saltbush; sandy soil grasslands; and desert dunes. Higher
elevations are dominated by pinyon pine and California juniper,
with areas of manzanita and Coulter pine. In addition to hardy
perennials, more than half of the desert’s plant species are
herbaceous annuals, and appropriately timed winter rains produce
abundant early spring wildflowers. In the southern portion of
the region, the additional moisture supplied by summer rainfall
fosters the germination of summer annual plants and supports
smoketree, ironwood, and palo verde trees. Common desert
wildlife include mule deer, bobcat, desert kangaroo rat, cactus
mouse, black-tailed jackrabbit, Gambel’s quail, and red-diamond
rattlesnake. Among sensitive species are flat-tailed horned
lizard, Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard, desert tortoise,
prairie falcon, Andrews’ dune scarab beetle, Peninsular bighorn
sheep, and California leaf-nosed bat. |
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The Mojave Desert occupies a significant portion of southeastern California and smaller parts of central California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona.
Named after the Mohave tribe of Native Americans, it displays
typical Basin and Range topography. The Mojave Desert's
boundaries are generally defined by the presence of
Joshua trees; considered an indicator species for this desert. The topographical boundaries include the Tehachapi together with the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountain ranges. The mountain boundaries are quite distinct since they are outlined by the two largest faults in California: the San Andreas and the Garlock. The
Great Basin shrub steppe lies to the north; the warmer Sonoran
Desert (the Low Desert) lies to the south and east.
The Mojave is a desert of temperature extremes and four distinct seasons. Winter months bring temperatures dipping to below 20 °F on valley floors, and below 0 °F at higher elevations. Storms moving from the Pacific Northwest can bring rain and snow across the region more often, the rain shadow created by the
Sierra Nevada as well as mountain ranges within the desert such as the Spring Mountains bring only clouds and wind. In longer periods between storm systems, winter temperatures in valleys can approach 80 °F. Summer weather is dominated by heat, temperatures on valley floors can soar above 120 °F and above 130 °F at the lowest elevations. |
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Two deserts, two large
ecosystems whose characteristics are determined primarily by
elevation, come together at Joshua Tree National Park. Below
3,000 feet, the Colorado Desert encompasses the eastern part of
the park and features natural gardens of creosote bush,
ocotillo, and cholla cactus. The higher, moister, and slightly
cooler Mojave Desert is the special habitat of the Joshua tree.
In addition to Joshua tree forests, the western part of the park
also includes some of the most interesting geologic displays
found in California's deserts. Five fan palm oases also dot the
park, indicating those few areas where water occurs naturally
and wildlife abounds.
Death Valley National Park has more than 3.3 million acres of
spectacular desert scenery, interesting and rare desert
wildlife, complex geology, undisturbed wilderness, and sites of
historical and cultural interest. Bounded on the west by 11,049
foot Telescope Peak and on the east by 5,475 foot Dante's View, Badwater is the lowest point (-282 feet) in the North America.
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